Gcom 123 Study Guide Free Essays

Study Guide for GCOM 123 Students are prescribed to know this data for class tests and the last, most important test. Essentials of Communication Chapter 1: Competent Communication What are the most well-known legends about correspondence? Clarify the contrasts between the three models of correspondence: direct, intuitive, and value-based. Characterize the fundamental correspondence components contained in the correspondence models (channel, sender, recipient, message, encode, interpret, setting, fields of understanding, commotion, and criticism) Explain the two parts of each message: Content and relationship. We will compose a custom article test on Gcom 123 Study Guide or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Comprehend the correspondence capability model. How might you upgrade your correspondence capability? What separates a helpful correspondence atmosphere from a dangerous correspondence atmosphere? Section 2: Perception of Self and Others Define the perceptual procedure. What is a perceptual construction (model, generalization, and content)? How is self-idea created (reflected evaluation, noteworthy others, and society)? What are a portion of the impacts on observation (sexual orientation, culture, past encounters, disposition, and setting)? What is self-exposure? Characterize the ideas of profundity and expansiveness regarding self-revelation. What are simply the rules for offering and getting divulgence? For what reason is corresponding sharing significant? Characterize the term â€Å"self-serving bias†. What is the unavoidable outcome? What does it impact? Characterize the procedure of attribution? How does the principal attribution blunder sway skilled correspondence? What is sympathy? Part 3: Culture and Gender Define what culture is. Clarify how culture impacts correspondence. Characterize ethnocentrism, social relativism, and multiculturalism. Clarify the significant contrasts among individualistic and collectivistic societies. Clarify the significant contrasts between low-power separation and high force separation societies. Clarify the significant contrasts among ladylike and manly societies. How does culture impact nonverbal correspondence? Part 4: Language Explain the idea of the relationship in dialects from phonemes, morphemes, grammar, and semantics. Characterize the four fundamental components everything being equal (structure, efficiency, dislodging, and self-reflexiveness). Clarify the abstracting procedure (sense understanding, portrayal, deduction, and judgment). Clarify the two variants of the Sapir-Whorf speculation. Clarify how obvious significance varies from denotative importance. What is the distinction between a reality and an induction? What are language and doublespeaks? Section 5: Nonverbal Communication What are the contrasts among verbal and nonverbal channels of correspondence? What are the elements of nonverbal correspondence (reiteration, replacement, guideline, inconsistency, highlight)? Clarify the significant kinds of nonverbal correspondence (kinesics, paralanguage, territoriality, proxemics, and haptics). Would you be able to recognize the sort of nonverbal correspondence shown in a model? Part 6: Listening to Others Characterize tuning in by its fundamental components (grasping, holding, and reacting). What are the sorts of tuning in (instructive, basic and empathic)? What are the most widely recognized issues that impede skilled instructive tuning in (conversational narcissism, serious interfering, coating over, pseudo-tuning in, and ambushing)? What are the most widely recognized audience reaction styles utilized in empathic tuning in? Relational Communication Chapter 7: Power Define power. Clarify the contrast among emphaticness and forcefulness. What are the significant force assets (aptitude, authentic position, reward, discipline, individual characteristics)? How is power shown in correspondence (verbally and nonverbally)? Section 9: Interpersonal Conflict Management Define strife. Separate among dangerous and valuable clash. Characterize the three inward social rationalizations (transparency closedness, curiosity consistency, and self-sufficiency association). How would we address these social persuasions? Characterize the five most basic clash exchange procedures (pleasing, abstaining from, controlling, trading off, and teaming up). Gathering Communication Chapter 10: The Anatomy of Small Groups Define what a little gathering is. What are the points of interest and inconveniences of little gatherings? What is union? How is it created? What impact does union have on errand and social elements of little gatherings? What are bunch standards? What is a little gathering job? What is the contrast among formal and casual jobs? Clarify the contrast between the three sorts of casual gathering jobs (upkeep, task, and troublesome). What is authority? What are the various ways to deal with authority (qualities, styles, and situational)? Characterize the significant initiative styles (mandate or despotic; participative or majority rule; free enterprise, and situational). Part 11: Effective Groups Clarify the differentiations between a group and a gathering. What is conceptualizing? What is basic to its prosperity? Clarify the means in the Standard Agenda. Clarify the contrasts between the significant types of dynamic (greater part rule, minority rule, and accord). What are the advantages and disservices of agreement? What is oblivious obedience? By what method may mindless obedience be evaded? Open Speaking Chapter 12: Preparing Speeches What are the segments of crowd investigation (socioeconomics, values, convictions, mentalities)? What components of discourse making are impacted by crowd examination (arrangement and introduction)? Characterize the universally useful, explicit reason, and focal thought in broad daylight talking. What ought to be viewed as while picking a point (speaker, subject, and individual tended to)? How can one maintain a strategic distance from literary theft? What are the sorts of supporting materials utilized in talks? What are the models for assessing supporting material? What are the essential components of a skillful layout (images, intelligence, fulfillment, equalization, and division)? Distinguish the hierarchical example utilized in discourses (topical, spatial, causal, ordered, issue arrangement, and Monroe’s Motivated Sequence)? Section 13: Presenting Speeches What is discourse tension? What are a few rules for overseeing discourse uneasiness? What are the basic components of a discourse presentation? What are the basic components of a discourse end? What is the distinction among oral and composed styles of discourse making? What effect do different conveyance contemplations have on a group of people (eye to eye connection, vocal assortment, verbal familiarity, balance, dynamism)? Clarify the contrasts between the significant conveyance styles (composition, retained, unpremeditated, and off the cuff). Section 14: Informative Speaking What recognized educational talking from powerful talking? What is a change? What is important for a suitable or successful oral reference? What are the sorts of visual guides that can be utilized during a discourse? What are rules for the skilled utilization of visual guides? Part 15: Persuasive Speaking Define influence. What are the essential elements of believability (capability dependability, dynamism, and self-control)? Characterize the three Aristotelian methods of verification (ethos, logos, and sentiment). Distinguish recommendations of certainty, worth and strategy. The most effective method to refer to Gcom 123 Study Guide, Essay models

Transculturation Essay example -- Literature Poem Africa Essays

Transculturation A natural exercise in rudimentary history may be that a vanquished people will by and large culturally assimilate into the prevailing society of their heros. In any case, the procedure of how these two societies connect is frequently not so straightforward. For instance, the term transculturation was instituted during the 1940s by humanist Fernando Oritz to depict the procedure by which a vanquished people pick and select what parts of the prevailing society they will expect (Pratt 589). In contrast to cultural assimilation, transculturation perceives the intensity of the subordinate culture to make its own adaptation of the prevailing society. In a paper entitled, The Arts of the Contact Zone, creator Mary Louise Pratt contends that transculturation doesn't need to be bound to the social spaces where divergent societies meet; it very well may be reached out to regular circumstances, for example, the study hall. In any case, however Pratt perceives that transculturation can occur on an exceptionally close to home level, she despite everything neglects to talk about the passionate idea of transculturation. An investigation of Derek Walcott's sonnet, A Far Cry from Africa, utilizing researcher Homi Bhabha's idea of mimicry will give a more profound comprehension of Pratt's vision of transculturation by rethinking it as a procedure of individual battle by which every person in a subordinate gathering is moved to pick and select which parts of the prevailing society the individual will expect. A Far Cry From Africa is the narrative of a man half African and half English, who is seeing the passing and obliteration of his country coming about because of the English colonization of South Africa. In his depiction he doesn't, be that as it may, favor one side over the other, yet centers rather around the shameful acts of the two societies. Toward the finish of the po... ... Works Cited Bhabha, Homi. From 'Of Mimicry and Man: The Ambivalence of Colonial Discourse' in the Location of Culture, pp. 85-92. Stanford Presidential Lectures and Symposia in the Humanities and Arts. 02 March 2000. 15 September 2000. <http:// prelectur.stanford.edu/speakers/bhabha/biblio.html>. Bradley, Heather M. Clashing Loyalties in 'A Far Cry from Africa'. Writing of the Caribbean. The Scholarly Technology Group, Washington and Lee University. 1997. 15 September 2000. <http://landow.stg.brown.edu/post/caribbean/walcott/ bradley2.html>. Pratt, Mary Louise. Crafts of the Contact Zone. Methods of Reading. Ed. David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky. fifth ed. Boston: St. Martin's, 1999. 582-596. Walcott, Derek. A Far Cry from Africa. Derek Walcott Collected Poems 1948-1984. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1986. 17-18.

I won the game!

I won the game! DID YOU KNOW? According to Americas Test Kitchen, the best possible multipurpose 913 pan is a Pyrex pan which costs only $8.00? Its my last night in Harrisburg, PA and I thought Id spend it posting old photos on this blog. The reason being that costs me twenty-five cents to send these photos from my phone to my computer, and Im a college student and just cant afford to waste that. Anyway, another thing I did tonight was I went to the local 7-11, well, the local one that wasnt shut down last month for credit card fraud, and cashed in my winning lottery ticket. Despite having very nearly attained twenty (oh dear!) years of age, I had not yet purcahsed a lottery ticket in my otherwise typical suburban life. So, on the way out of Giant, on an impulse, I stuck a dollar into the PA Lottery machine and bought the only ticket that still cost a dollarE I E I Dough. Although I was discouraged after my poor performance in the regular field of play, I was lucky enough to get a tractor in the bonus barn, netting me FIVE WHOLE DOLLARS! I think now that I have accumulated a lifetime net winnings of 500%, I will never gamble again in my life. Anyway, I was at Giant buying some eggs, and aww, heres old pictures from my phone. My Christmas-themed egg, which I colored last week at Kates house. My beloved high school friend Shana can also color eggs. The coloring didnt work very well. I hypothesized that this was because it was not Easter. The desserts I had for ThanksgivingI believe that would be a pumpkin roll, a piece of Old Black Joe cake, and some shoo-fly pie. On my way down to Harrisburg, we stopped at a gas station and I just had to check out some Tastykakes, a regional brand of pastry that costs about 50 cents in Southern Pennsylvania and sells at around an 800% markup in the Los Angeles Farmers Market. Why they sell Tastykakes at a Farmers Market, I have no idea. I think I took this picture to illustrate how busy South Station is the day before Thanksgiving. This was what Sams Mom had set the desktop background as when I got home. Do you know whos in the picture? It was a hit for Billy Paul. Okay, thats all for Central Pennsylvania. You might get a full account of my activities at home later on, or maybe not. Anyway, its back to MIT tomorrow for a safe and productive IAP. Oh yeah.

The Stomach Is The Center And Origin Of Civilization

According to an anonymous author, â€Å"The stomach is the center and origin of civilization† (Armstrong, â€Å"The Stomach is the Center and Origin of Civilization†). Food played a crucial role in the rise of civilization. It spurred on the transition from a hunter and gather way of life to a sedentary and domesticated lifestyle, especially through agriculture and the development of farming. Ancient Egypt grew many of the crops used in the Old World, producing a variety of fruits, vegetables and grains to supplement their diet of fish, poultry and dairy. Specifically, their cereal plants such as wheat, barley and rye, aided in the evolution of bread and beer, influencing not only Egyptian society, but also the surrounding territories. Ancient Egyptians artifacts have been uncovered, providing evidence of the importance of bread and beer. (Tucker, â€Å"The Beer Archeologist†). It was consumed daily by people of all ages and social ranking. They incorporated it i nto their daily life but also made specialized beer and bread for feasts and special occasions. Out of Egypt came new methods for baking and brewing grains, gradually developing into the food and beverage we see today. There are three important ideas to consider when studying bread and beer in Egypt, including its origin, how it was made and its cultural, political and economic significance. By examining bread and beer in ancient Egypt, it is clear that they contributed greatly to the progression of civilization, from the earlyShow MoreRelatedCrude Extracts in Tsaang- Gubat as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Treating Cancer1620 Words   |  7 Pagesspread to other parts of the body. Benign tumors are not usually life threatening, but can be danger when press on sensitive areas of some parts of the body like brain and may cause severe health problems.(University of Washington Medical Center Harborview Medical Center, 2006). Some of the examples of benign tumors are papilloma (Minn es Geschickter, 1936), adenoma (College of American Pathologists, 2011), lipoma (Pandya Radke, 2009), angioma (Vilallonga, Espin Basany, Armengol, 2009) and myomaRead More The Navigation of Christopher Columbus and the Age of Discovery4963 Words   |  20 Pagesa sense of wonder at the bold willingness to risk life and limb that was demonstrated by the explorers of this era as they left the safety of the waters and oceans that they knew, to challenge the unknown. I had wanted to capture that feeling of stomach-dropping fear that I believed these brave men must have experienced as the headlands they were leaving slipped out of sight below the horizon, possibly never to be seen again. Had I been successful in writing such a paper, I would have succeededRead MoreNative American Art : Understanding Native Oral Traditions3428 Words   |  14 Pagesfundamental message being passed along was more important that the stories chronological place in history11. Despite the plethora of stories in the Native American culture, there are general themes that are common to the stories e.g. Creation or origin stories. For example, the Cheyenne and the Winnebago people give different yet similar accounts of ‘Creation’ when compared with what is written in the Holy Bible. â€Å"The Cheyenne story tells of Maheo, the All Spirit who formed the world with his PowerRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution : The Iron Company Known As Standard Oil Co. Inc.2602 Words   |  11 Pageshis growth as a businessman took place to influence his success. Born on July 8th, 1839, to parents William Rockefeller-- a deceptive, dishonest yet charming criminal-- and Eliza Davison-- a witty and strong-willed lady-- John D. was from his very origin an unusual child, forged in the marriage between polar opposites, whom he unsurprisingly resembles. In this household Rockefeller was primarily under the jurisdiction of his mother. Eliza’s bearing in the househ old led to significant Baptist influenceRead MoreThe Dangers of Pesticides in Contemporary Food Essay3543 Words   |  15 Pagesto eat. Those living in developed nations often question where their food came from and what exactly it consists of, but rarely inquire further. These considerations are often made subconsciously, but they do begin to assess the origins of what we place inside our stomachs and the possible dangers of doing so. Involuntary efforts such as these attempt to understand the dangers of food, but do not usually take the affects of pesticides into account. Pesticides carry widely known risks, but are currentlyRead MoreArab Culture - Essay6842 Words   |  28 PagesIndian Ocean. STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF ARAB WORLD World Oil Reserves Distribution †¢ 22 countries. †¢ Location and source of the 3 monotheists’ religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. †¢ The cradle of civilization. †¢ Multitude of ethnic and linguistic groups. †¢ Close to 60% of earth’s oil reserves are at or near the Arabian Peninsula. †¢ Saudi Arabia possesses the world’s largest reserves of oil. WHAT IS AN ARAB? †¢ Over 200 million Arabs worldwide. †¢To beRead More Beowulf and Grettirs Saga Essay3715 Words   |  15 Pagesofferings, said old words aloud (175b-176b). The runes found on Grendels mother sword also reflect old words. Its hilt, part of Beowulfs booty, is described as an old work of giants (1679a), from magic smithies (1681a) which has engraved on it the origin of past strife, when the flood drowned, / the pouring ocean killed the race of giants (1689a-1690b). Genesis tells us the primordial past contained, giants in the earth in those days (Gen. 6:4), but the biblical story of the deluge (Gen. 7:10)Read MoreInfectious Diseases4420 Words   |  18 Pagesof vector mosquitoes (Carter). As man evolved and spread throughout the world they carried diseases along with them and such how malaria came to appear all across the world. Cases of malaria have been dated back thousands of years to ancient civilizations: Sumerian and Egyptian texts dating from 3,500 to 4,000 years ago mention about fevers and splenomegaly suggestive of malaria. (The enlarged spleens of Egyptian mummies are believed to have been caused by malaria). It appears that  PRead MorePolitical Behaviour Impact to Leadership Excellence11497 Words   |  46 Pagesvirtue of which he is set apart from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. These are such as are not accessible to the ordinary person, but are regarded as of divine origin or as exemplary, and on the basis of them the individual concerned is treated as a leader .... Pure charisma is specifically foreign to economic considerations. Whenever it appears, it constitutes a call in the most emphatic sense of the wordRead MoreOpportunities23827 Words   |  96 Pagespopularity spread, and by 1670, coffee had replaced beer as New York City’s favorite breakfast drink.18 In the late seventeenth century, coffeehouses opened in Boston, New York, and other colonial cities, and these establishments quickly became centers of commercial, political, and social activity.19 North Americans drank increasing amounts of coffee and tea in the eighteenth century, but tea was probably the preferred beverage for most colonists.20 Coffee, however, got a boost in 1773, when

Small Business Enterprise - 3189 Words

Assignment on: Small Business Enterprise Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Small Business Performance 3 3. Chosen Organization 4 3.1 Nature of the Organization 5 3.2 Scope of business 5 3.3 Performance of UKRD Group 6 3.4 Strength of UKRD Group 6 3.5 Weaknesses of UKRD Group 7 4. Removing weaknesses 8 4.1 improving the strength 10 5. Appropriateness and effectiveness of existing business plan 12 5.1 Improved business plan 12 6. Impact of the changes in the business 13 6.1 Monitoring of the system 13 7. Conclusion 14 1. Introduction In the period of the 1950s and 1960s the prominence given to the role of small business enterprise in the UK economy has been rewarded (Stanworth and Purdy, 2003). IN the economy of the UK 99.9 per†¦show more content†¦In March 2010 it was ranked 1st in the Sunday Times best communications to work for small and medium business organizations. In March 2011 IT achieved the 1st ranking position In the Sunday Times Best Companies work for and in the following two years it has maintained its 1st position in 2012 and 2013. 3.1 Nature of the Organization UKRD Group is the organization of broadcasting industry with its headquarters in Redruth in United Kingdom. The core products of UKRD Group are the local radio. From the start of the organization it was in continuous growth. UKRD Group playing its operations by serving the people of United Kingdom with its radio stations by keeping them update about the recent news. 3.2 Scope of business As UKRD Group is an organization from broadcasting industry it has a good scope to make its business with the mass people. The common people are the listener of the radio stations and the satisfaction of the listeners may open new scopes for the UKRD Group. The company is in the position with the Sunday Times award that it can its business with more acceptable situation that the customers will take willingly. 3.3 Performance of UKRD Group The performance of UKRD Group is in the satisfactory position in the terms and the situations of the Company overall. It is achieving the Sunday Times award for last three years with 1st position. The growth of this company in a satisfactory level which indicate that it’s performance is in good position.Show MoreRelatedCritical Success Factors for Small Business Enterprises in Saudi Arabia854 Words   |  4 Pagessuccess factors that are necessary for achieving success for a small business in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Small Business Enterprise or Small-Medium Enterprise (SME), in todays business environment, faces a lot of daily major challenges. Balancing the SME’s effort to address these challenges can be an intimidating task, unless a systematic approach is identified and followed. 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Competition makes the competitor’s to feel about the quality products and services (Adcock D et al., (001). Cambridge Satchel Company is the organization which produces quality leather bags for every people of every level. The organizationRead MoreDeveloping A Small Business For Business Enterprise1653 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In the century of the IT technology, our team decided to develop a small business to business enterprise, which helps both sides: the retailers and the customers, and plays a linking point between them. It’s not a surprise for anyone that as the times goes by, almost every aspect of our lives turns into digital and we are relying on the web services for different reasons: lack of time, far distances or impossibility of visiting shops. As regards latest researches, more and more peopleRead MoreA Small And Median Business Enterprise1465 Words   |  6 Pagestheory of power, conflict and legal issues in a Small and Median Business Enterprise (SME) ‘Grove Juice’. It will develop an integrated overview of Grove Juice background and define concepts related to the distribution channel of a Business to Business (B2B) relationship in marketing. Through examining B2B relationships for the Grove Juice company, readers will have a better understanding of power and conflict i ssues that are associated with the business. It will also explain how the issues in productsRead MoreEvaluation Of The Performance Of A Small Business Enterprise Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagesform will result in a mark of ‘0’ for the assignment. Student Name ELENA UTA Student ID P1030912 Assessor Name SHABNAM S. 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Investigate Performance of a Selected Small Business Enterprise.1581 Words   |  7 Pages1. Investigate performance of a selected small business enterprise. 1.1 JS furniture is a furniture manufacturing company owned by two brothers John and Smith. JS started operations in 2006 and there is a satisfactory growth in this business since then. However there are fall in turnover in some months as well. JS import wood from Asian countries and manufacture furniture. Company had been able to get massive discounts from its suppliers because of bulk buying so this had helped them to keepRead MoreManaging Financial Resources For A Small Business Enterprise Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pages National Diploma in Business level 6 Unit Standard: 6410 Financial management: Financial skills Manage financial resources for a small business enterprise Name: Jitender Singh Unit Standard: 6410 Level: 6 Credits: 5 Task 1 Q1.1 Identify sources and costs of funding and optimal terms. Sources:- Financial sources Non-financial sources Own capital ($100,000) Experience-skills (15 years) Bank Loan ($1,80,000) Qualification (B.com) her husband Students fees (2,000,000) NZQARead MoreSerova Small Business Enterprise is Facing a Crisis Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumers and administrators of Serova small business enterprise Introduction Currently, the firm is facing several problems while serving its customers and 100% tapping of business gains. Some of these problems include insecurity of goods and staff, uncertainty about future economic conditions, poor access to marketing information and consumer feedback, increased cost of health insurance, and inability to include of staff with disabilities in a business firm community. Many of these problems

Migration Skills Assessment Booklet Free Essays

string(58) " Technologists competency demonstration Report \(cdR\) 5\." MIGRATION SKILLS ASSESSMENT fOR REcOGNITION Of pERSONS INTENdING TO AppLy fOR SKILLEd MIGRATION TO AuSTRALIA wIThIN ThE ENGINEERING pROfESSION July 2012 www. engineersaustralia. org. We will write a custom essay sample on Migration Skills Assessment Booklet or any similar topic only for you Order Now au Migration Skills Assessment Education and Assessment Engineers Australia, 11 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 AUSTRALIA  © Copyright Engineers Australia, 2012 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from Engineers Australia. Requests and inquiries concerning the reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Director Education and Assessment, Engineers Australia, 11 National Circuit Barton ACT 2600 cONTENTS CONTENTS SECTION A Introduction and Background Introduction 1. Assessment for Migration Purposes 2. Occupational Categories in Engineering 3. Pathways to Recognition 4. English Language Requirements 5. Certification of Copies of Documents 6. Steps in the Assessment Application Process 7. Application Forms 8. The Assessment Process 9. Appealing the Assessment Outcome SECTION B Assessment of Recognised Qualifications 1. Australian Qualifications 2. Washington Accord 3. Sydney Accord SECTION C Assessment of Non-Recognised Qualifications 1. Introduction 2. Steps in preparing a CDR 3. Components of the CDR Summary Statements Professional Engineer Engineering Technologist Engineering Associate Engineering Manager SECTION D Additional Assessment Services 1. Introduction 2. Applicability of additional services 3. Identification of higher level engineering qualifications 4. Work Experience SECTION E Checklists, Fee Payment and Dispatch 1. Checklists 27 28 2. Fee Payment and Dispatch APPENDIX Detailed Description of Competency Elements for each Occupational Category Professional Engineer Engineering Technologist Engineering Associate Engineering Manager ANZSCO occupations designated to Engineers Australia 32 37 42 46 48 24 24 24 25 18 19 20 21 14 14 14 10 10 11 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 1 2 SEcTION A Introduction and Background 3 SEcTION A Introduction This booklet has been developed by Engineers Australia to assist you in preparing your submission for an engineering qualifications assessment. This section provides you with an introduction to the assessment of qualifications in engineering for migration purposes. You should read this booklet carefully before proceeding to the Application Forms. Professional Engineer Academic qualification is an Australian four year Bachelor of Engineering degree following twelve years of schooling, or equivalent. The Professional Engineer: †¢ Focusesonoverallsystems †¢ Developsandappliesnewengineeringpractices †¢ Appliesleadershipmanagementskills †¢ Pursuesengineeringopportunitiesinanholisticway,taking environmental,communitysocialissuesintoaccount †¢ Solvesdiverseproblems. Engineering Technologist Academic qualification is an Australian three year Bachelor of Engineering Technology degree following twelve years of schooling, or equivalent. The Engineering Technologist: †¢ Focusesoninteractionswithinthesystem †¢ Modifiesandadaptsestablishedengineeringpractices †¢ Advancesengineeringtechnology. Engineering Associate Academic qualification is an Australian two year Advanced Diploma of engineering following twelve years of schooling, or equivalent. The Engineering Associate: †¢ Focusesonspecificelementsofthesystem †¢ Workswithincodesandappliesestablished practices and procedures. Engineering Manager An engineering or engineering-related academic qualification must be held – normally at Bachelor degree level or higher. Engineering Manager: †¢ is a high level position involving the formulation of engineering strategies, policies and plans and the direction, administration and review of engineering operations for an organization †¢ musthavearecordofseniormanagementovera period of three years or more. Letters of reference and organisational charts must be provided †¢ musthavepersonsreportingtohim/herwhoare also at a management level. Applicants should note that this occupation is not an engineering occupation, but rather belongs to the Managers and Administrators’ category. Consequently, a positive outcome will not allow automatic membership of Engineers Australia. Further details on the general role descriptions for each occupational category are presented in the Appendix. 1. Assessment for Migration Purposes Engineers Australia is the designated assessing authority for most engineering occupations. You should first check the ‘Skilled Occupation Lists (SOL)’ to determine that your skilled occupation is listed as being assessable by Engineers Australia, as there are some engineering occupations which are assessed elsewhere. The reference SOL documents, which list occupations and contact details of the designated assessing authorities, are available from the DIAC website www. immi. gov. au/skilled/sol/. Applicants seeking assessment for migration purposes should first get a copy of the latest ‘General Skilled Migration Booklet (6) – Form 1119’ from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) (www. mmi. gov. au). This booklet will help applicants understand the requirements for General Skilled Migration to Australia. Alternatively, the ‘Employer Sponsored Migration Booklet (5) – form 1131’ may be relevant. Applicants should refer to the Australian Skills Recognition Information (ASRI) site at www. immi. gov. au/asri. Thi s site helps you to find out how to get an assessment of your occupational qualifications and skills. It also contains information on state specific registration and licensing requirements. Applicants should also refer to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) at www. abs. gov. au. This reference provides the definition, skill level and tasks involved in a particular occupation. 2. Occupational Categories in Engineering Engineers Australia recognises three occupational categories within the engineering team in Australia: †¢ ProfessionalEngineer †¢ EngineeringTechnologist †¢ EngineeringAssociate For migration purposes, an additional category of Engineering Manager is also recognised. Shown below is a description of the pre-requisite engineering qualifications and the workplace role for each occupational category. 4 SEcTION A 3. Pathways to Recognition There are two pathways to recognition of your qualifications: a) through recognised (accredited) Engineering Qualifications b) through a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR) for non-recognised qualifications. The pathways to recognition are shown schematically below: Read Information on website www. engineersaustralia. org. au download relevant Application form A TRF received before receipt of assessment application is stored alphabetically and matched to the personal file when assessment commences. Details of locations where IELTS assessments are conducted may be found on the IELTS website www. ielts. org. The following applicants may be exempt from the requirement to provide an IELTS assessment result: †¢ ApplicantswhoarenativeEnglishspeakers; †¢ ApplicantswhohavecompletedanAustralian undergraduateengineeringqualification; †¢ Applicantswhohavecompleteda2yearMasters degree or PhD program at an Australian university. For the above exemption, documentary evidence is required of successful completion of the Australian degree program. Please note that the above IELTS exemptions are determined on a case by case basis and Engineers Australia reserves the right to require an IELTS assessment result if it is deemed necessary. a) Accredited Qualifications b) Non-Recognised Qualifications Australian Qualifications all three levels washington Accord For Professional Engineers Sydney Accord For Engineering Technologists competency demonstration Report (cdR) 5. You read "Migration Skills Assessment Booklet" in category "Papers" Certification of Copies of Documents Accreditation check Re-Submit es No yes No You must provide certified true copies of your original degree/diploma testamur (certificate) and any other subsequent engineering qualifications together with their associated academic transcripts (list of subjects studied and results obtained). Do not send the course syllabus. Certified copies are to be produced direct from the original documents, which the Certifier must sight. An original document is usually different from a photocopy or other reproduction. An original may often contain an official logo, seal, stamp or watermark, or may include a handwritten signature. Please note that colour scanned emailed or facsimile copies are not accepted. The certified copies bearing the Certifier’s actual signature must be sent as hardcopy by post (or courier). Where documents are not in the English language, you must provide certified copies of both the original-language document and an English language translation which has been made from the original document. All translations must be carried out by an authorised translator. In general translators are not authorised to certify copies of original documents. The signature, name, status and contact details of the translator must be provided on the English language version. If your current name is not the same as that on your degree documents, you must provide evidence of your name change. All submitted documents which are copies of original documents must be certified. Many applications for a skills assessment are delayed because documents are not properly certified. The assessors will contact you by letter or e-mail if there are any omissions in regard to certification. Please make sure your e-mail and contact addresses are up to date. Outcome Outcome Refer to Sections B and C for instructions associated with each pathway. The assessment is primarily focused on the basic tertiary (post secondary) engineering qualification. Any application for assessment of a postgraduate qualification must have an underpinning undergraduate qualification. 4. English Language Requirements All applicants applying to have their skills assessed by Engineers Australia are required to provide evidence of their English language competency. Applicants are required to have achieved a minimum score of 6. in each of the four modules of speaking, listening, reading and writing in either the ‘General Training’ or ‘Academic’ version of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) www. ielts. org. Please Note You must arrange for an original IELTS Test Report Form (TRF) to be sent to Engineers Australia directly from the Test Centre. Certified copies are not acceptable. Use the address on the application for m – see also page 25. For an IELTS Test Report Form to be valid, it must not be more than 2 years old at the date of receipt of the assessment application in this office. SEcTION A Applicants should note the following points concerning certification of documents: 1. Certified copies of previously certified copies will not be accepted. You must provide a properly certified copy of the ORIGINAL document. 2. Proper certification should appear on each page to be certified, and should show: (a) (b) the signature of the person certifying the document and the date of signing the name of the person certifying the document. This should be clearly printed or evident in the official stamp the contact details of the person certifying the document. This MUST be provided and may be a business address, telephone number or e-mail address, and where possible, an official stamp indicating the status of the person certifying the document, ie. Justice of the Peace, Commissioner for Oaths, Notary Public a statement â€Å"I certify this to be an identical copy of the original document, which I have sighted†, or similar wording Where the name, status and contact details are in a foreign language, an English language translation of these three details needs to be provided. . Steps in the Assessment Application Process This section of the booklet assists you in the preparation and submission of your assessment applications. If you are lodging a Washington Accord, a Sydney Accord, or an Australian Engineering Qualification assessment application, then full details of what to send us are on the relevant application form. Go to Section B for details on preparing an application for assessment of a recognised qualification. Compilation of a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR) If you have non-recognised qualifications, you will need to submit a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR). Section C of this booklet provides you with guidelines for a description of your personal engineering practice and an identification of your engineering competencies. The Competency Demonstration Report or CDR is the substantial component of your application which provides the basis for Engineers Australia’s assessment of your competencies. Apart from your engineering qualification, the success of your application will depend on your career episodes and your demonstration of the relevant set of competency elements. You should follow the guidelines in Section C carefully when compiling your CDR. Additional assessment services If you require an opinion on a higher level qualification (eg PhD), or your relevant skilled employment for the purpose of claiming points from DIAC, then go to Section D for application details. Note that the standard assessment will include an opinion on the comparable AQF Australian qualification level used in support of the assess outcome. This will enable the relevant points for such to be claimed from DIAC. Checklist of documentation and dispatch Section E of this booklet provides you with checklists of the required material, fees and dispatch address. The current assessment fee is also specified on the relevant application form. (c) (d) (e) (f) 3. The following classes of persons acting within their relevant jurisdiction in the country of certification are authorised to certify copies of documents: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ AnauthorisedNotaryPublic AnauthorisedCommissionerfor Oaths/Declarations AnauthorisedLawyer,Solicitor,BarristerorJudge AnauthorisedJusticeofthePeace AnofficerofanAustralianDiplomaticPost AcurrentfinancialmemberoftheEngineers Australia other than at the grade of student (membership number must be shown) AstaffmemberofEngineersAustralia †¢ 4. If you employ the services of a legal firm, the solicitor must sign each page. It will not be satisfactory for the name of the law firm to appear in lieu of the actual name and signature of the solicitor certifying your documents. Collective responsibility implied in the use of â€Å"we†, accompanied by the name of the law firm, is not acceptable. 5. Documents are to be certified either in the country of lodgment or in the country of award Please Note Assessment of your application will not proceed if you submit copies of documents where the class of person certifying the copy is not one of those listed above or where the requirements stated above are not complied with. SEcTION A 7. Application Forms Each assessment pathway has its own application form. Make sure you download and complete the application form for the pathway you have selected. Application forms may be downloaded from the website www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills When applying for a CDR assessment, you should specify the occupational category and field of engineering for w hich you are seeking an occupational outcome. You may wish to refer to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) dictionary on www. abs. gov. u for the definition of the occupations. Use of an Agent If you have appointed a person to act as your agent you must complete the authorisation form, which may be downloaded from the website (www. engineersaustralia. org. au/ migration_skills) under ‘Migration Skills Assessment’. If you are appointing an Agent, a hard-copy version of this form, complete with your original signature, must accompany your assessment application. If you employ an agent, Engineers Australia will communicate only with your agent regarding your assessment. You cannot independently contact Engineers Australia. If you do so you will be referred to your agent. 9. Appealing the Assessment Outcome If you are not satisfied with the assessment outcome you should first contact your case officer and discuss your concerns. The case officer may refer your case to the Associate Director – Migration Skills Assessment for consideration. †¢ ARevieworAppealcanonlybemadewithin 12 months of the date of the original assessment outcome letter †¢ Ifyouhavealreadyusedtheassessmentoutcomeletter for Migration purposes, then the assessment process is regarded as finished and no Appeal can be made. There are two stages to an appeal: Preliminary (Informal) Review On receipt of request for a preliminary review, the Manager will refer your file to another assessor for an assessment which is independent of the first. Preliminary Reviews are done at no charge. You will be advised of the outcome by the Manager. If you are still not satisfied with the outcome you may go to a formal Appeal. Formal Appeal To lodge a formal appeal you must submit the form â€Å"Application for Formal Appeal of Assessment Outcome†, downloadable from www. engineersaustralia. rg. au/ migration_skills You may include reasons as to why you believe the outcome is not appropriate in your case. You cannot however present any new information/evidence. If you wish to add new material to your submission you must make a new application. You must include the Appeal Fee of AUD$200. This fee is refundable if you receive the outcome you are seeking. It is not refundable if the outcome remains as originally assess ed. All documents on your file will be photocopied and forwarded to an external Committee of engineers for re-assessment. Under Australian Privacy Legislation your permission will be required to forward copies of documents to the Committee. When requesting an Appeal, your signature will denote your consent to dissemination of the file documents. Appeals take about three months to process. The outcome of an Appeal is FINAL. 8. The Assessment Process When your application arrives, a receipt will be posted to you within 5 to 7 working days. The receipt will specify your Contact ID (CID) number. Please use this number in correspondence with Engineers Australia. Assessment turnaround time can vary and regular updates are to be found at ww. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_ skills Please do not telephone Engineers Australia within this timeframe as this will cause delays to processing. If there are any deficiencies in your submission you will be notified in writing. If the application is successful you will receive an assessment outcome letter suitable for migration purposes. Please note that the assessm ent outcome letter has no expiry date from Engineers Australia’s perspective. Assessment outcome letters are sent by ordinary post. If you wish to use a courier you must organise that yourself. Please advise Engineers Australia if you intend to use a courier and you will be advised by e-mail when the letter is available for pick-up. Please Note Only one original letter of recognition will be issued. Provision of an additional letter will require a Statutory Declaration explaining the reason for the additional letter together with an administration fee of AUD$100. 10. Fraud Applications will be rejected where there is evidence of fraud, plagiarism or forged documents. We refer applicants to the Engineers Australia Code of Ethics, in particular the demonstration of integrity, available on the website www. engineersaustralia. rg. au 7 8 SEcTION B Assessment of Recognised Qualifications 9 SEcTION B Accredited Qualifications These are accredited Australian engineering qualifications and overseas engineering qualifications that are recognised through formal agreements with engineering accreditation bodies in other countries. These qualifications are readily recognisable through d atabase listings of accredited programs. For overseas qualifications there are two pathways †¢ onedealswithundergraduateProfessional Engineering programs. This is known as the Washington Accord. †¢ andtheotherdealswithEngineering Technologist programs. This is known as the Sydney Accord. In general, all references to ‘qualifications’ refer to the undergraduate engineering qualification. However, please note that there are some Australian Masters qualifications that are now being accredited. Please Note For all recognized (accredited) qualifications the occupational classification generally given to you will be according to the engineering discipline specified in the program title and/or as reflected in the academic content. If you wish to seek an engineering occupational classification other than the one specified in your qualifications, or have your work experience taken into consideration, you will need to submit a CDR. Application forms for these pathways are available from the Engineers Australia website www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills 2. Washington Accord The Washington Accord (www. washingtonaccord. org) is an agreement between the engineering accreditation bodies, listed below, to recognise as equivalent the undergraduate professional engineering programs of study which are accredited and delivered in those countries. The following countries are full members of the Washington Accord. While Australia is a signatory country it is not listed here. If you have Australian engineering qualifications you must apply using the Australian Qualifications application form. Some other countries are currently seeking full membership of the Washington Accord. Please refer to www. washingtonaccord. org. Provisional membership does not give entitlement to apply under the Washington Accord. Full membership only provides this entitlement. Canada (1989) Ireland (1989) New Zealand (1989) The Canadian Accreditation Board of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers www. engineerscanada. ca The Institution of Engineers of Ireland www. iei. e The Institution of Professional Engineers, New Zealand www. ipenz. org. nz United Kingdom The Engineering Council of the UK www. engc. org. uk (1989) (see dual degree accreditation note) United States of America (1989) The Engineering Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology www. abet. org 1. Australian Qualifications If you have Australian undergraduate engineer ing qualifications at the Professional Engineer, Engineering Technologist or Engineering Associate level you should initially apply using the Australian Qualifications Application Form. Please note that ONLY accredited Australian qualifications are eligible under this pathway. If your undergraduate engineering qualification is from overseas, and unless your postgraduate (Masters) qualification is FULLY accredited, you cannot apply using this pathway. Persons who hold Australian engineering qualifications at the Trade or Technician level must not apply to Engineers Australia for assessment. Details of the relevant assessing authority for these occupations can be found in the Skilled Occupation Listing (SOL) available from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship www. mmi. gov. au. If your Australian engineering qualification has not yet been awarded you may provide a certified copy of the official academic transcript in lieu of a copy of the actual degree. The transcript must specify that the program of study has been completed and you are eligible to graduate. If the academic transcript does not specify completion you must provide an original letter of completi on (not a copy) signed by the Academic Registrar (not someone acting on his/her behalf). Hong Kong SAR The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers www. hkie. org. k (1995) South Africa (1999) Japan (2005) Singapore (2006) South Korea (2007) Taiwan (2007) Malaysia (2009) Turkey (2011) Russia (2012) The Engineering Council of South Africa www. ecsa. co. za Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education www. jabee. org The Institution of Engineers Singapore www. ies. org. sg Accreditation Board for Engineering Education for Korea www. abeek. or. kr Institute of Engineering Education Taiwan www. ieet. org. tw Board of Engineers Malaysia www. bem. org. my Association of Evaluation and Accreditation of Engineering Programs www. udek. org. tr Association for Engineering Education of Russia www. ac-raee. ru Please Note The Washington Accord only applies to undergraduate professional engineering degrees accredited and delivered in the signatory countries. The Accord does not apply to: If you have been given part exemption from an Australian †¢ Qualificationsatloweracademiclevelsor qualification on the basis of recognition of prior learning †¢ Postgraduatequalificationsinengineering. (RPL) at another institution, you will need to provide 10 evidence of that prior learning. SEcTION B You should first check that your qualification is listed as an accredited Professional Engineering program with the relevant body before applying. Washington Accord accreditation applies for degrees completed on or after the year (shown in brackets) for full signatory status. If you consider your qualifications fall under the Washington Accord you should complete the Washington Accord application form and provide the required documentation and assessment fee. Your qualifications will be checked with the relevant Washington Accord accreditation body. If your qualification is not listed as accredited under the Washington Accord, you will be invited to submit a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR). Please Note Applicants with accredited qualifications from signatory countries where the official language is not English will be required to submit a satisfactory IELTS assessment result. Please Note The Sydney Accord only applies to undergraduate engineering technologist qualifications accredited and delivered in the signatory countries. The Accord does not apply to: †¢ Qualificationsatloweracademiclevelsor †¢ Postgraduatequalificationsinengineering. You should first check that your qualification is listed as an accredited Engineering Technologist program with the relevant body before applying. Sydney Accord accreditation applies for degrees completed on or after the year (shown in brackets) for full signatory status. If you consider your qualifications fall under the Sydney Accord you should complete the Sydney Accord application form and provide the required documentation and assessment fee. Your qualifications will be checked with the relevant Sydney Accord accreditation body. If your qualification is not listed as accredited under the Sydney Accord, you will be invited to submit a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR). Please Note Applicants with accredited qualifications from signatory countries where the official language is not English will be required to submit a satisfactory IELTS assessment result. 3. Sydney Accord The Sydney Accord is an agreement between the engineering accreditation bodies, listed below, to recognise as equivalent the Engineering Technologist programs of study which are accredited and delivered in those countries. The following countries are full members of the Sydney Accord. While Australia is a signatory country it is not listed here. If you have Australian qualifications you must apply using the Australian qualifications application form. Canada (2001) The Canadian Council of Technicians and Technologists www. cctt. ca Hong Kong SAR The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (2001) www. hkie. org. hk Ireland (2001) New Zealand (2001) South Africa (2001) The Institution of Engineers of Ireland www. iei. ie The Institution of Professional Engineers, New Zealand www. ipenz. org. nz The Engineering Council of South Africa www. csa. co. za United Kingdom The Engineering Council of the UK (2001) www. engc. org. uk (see dual degree accreditation note) United States of America (2009) The Engineering Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology www. abet. org Provisional membership does not give entitlement to apply under the Sydney Accord. Full membership only prov ides this entitlement. 11 12 Section c Assessment of Non-Recognised Qualifications 13 SEcTION c 1. Introduction This section deals with the compilation of a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR) describing your engineering practice. The purpose of the CDR is to demonstrate: †¢ howyouhaveappliedyourengineeringknowledgeand skills; †¢ thatsuchapplicationmeetsthecompetencystandards of the relevant occupational category in Australia. You should be aware that the CDR must be all your own work. You must carefully follow the instructions provided in preparing your CDR. You should realise that you are entering into a final assessment. The major assessable features of the CDR are your narratives written in English of three career episodes and a Summary Statement of the competency elements you have claimed. You should, where possible, type your CDR using a word processor and remember to keep a copy. The CDR must not be bound but presented in loose leaf A4 format. Your CDR will be assessed against the competency standards of the occupational category specified by you. Engineers Australia will not assess your competencies against an occupational category higher than the one you have specified, but may consider assessment against a lower occupational category if you are assessed as not suitable for your nominated category. Please Note A submitted CDR which is incomplete when submitted or which does not meet the stated requirements will not be assessed. All submitted material becomes the property of Engineers Australia. Applicants must make copies of all documents sent to Engineers Australia. Applicants who request copies of their submitted documents will be charged a AUD$100 administration fee. Do not present documents in a bound format as they must be dismantled for filing. 2. Steps in preparing a CDR: The flow chart below shows the steps you need to take in preparing your CDR: Complete Application Form Assemble certified copies of academic testamur(s) and associated academic transcript(s) Prepare Curriculum Vitae Identify Continuing Professional Development Write three Career Episodes Prepare a Summary Statement of evidence for the competency elements Instruct IElTS Test Entre to post an original TRF to EA Submit all specified documentation to Engineers Australia for assessment 3. Components of the CDR: You must first complete the CDR Application Form. This is available from www. engineersaustralia. org. au/ migration_skills 3. Declaration Page Your Competency Demonstration Report must include the following declaration (shown below). Declaration: The following declaration must be signed and presented as part of your CDR submission: ‘All statements of fact in this report are true and correct and I have made claims of acquired competencies in good faith. The report is all my o wn work and is a true representation of my personal competence in written English. I confirm that I understand that members of the engineering team in Australia are required to display a commitment to exercising professional and ethical responsibility in all aspects of their work. I also understand that documentation submitted in support of my application may be referred to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) for integrity checking. ’ Printed Name: Signature: Date: This Declaration Form is on page 3 of the CDR Application Form, which may be downloaded from the Engineers Australia website www. engineersaustralia. org. au/ migration_skills 14 SEcTION c 3. 2 Certified copies of qualifications and academic record(s) Certified copies of the testamur (degree certificate) and transcript are mandatory documents. Many applications for a skills assessment are delayed because documents are not properly certified. See item 5 of Section A for full details of the certification requirements. Documents not properly certified will not be accepted, and your application for assessment will not proceed. Evidence must be provided of any postgraduate qualification completion, or at least enrolment if qualification not completed. This is especially important if material from such study is used in one or more career episode. 3. Curriculum Vitae (CV) or Resume Engineers Australia requires a full summary of your education and engineering work history to gain a full perspective of your engineering workplace practice. Your CV must be a complete record of your activities and must not contain significant periods where no activity is recorded. For each workplace provide: †¢ organisationnameandlocationincludingcontact details where possible †¢ datesanddurationofemployment †¢ titleofpositionoccupiedby you †¢ yourdefinedrole(provideadutyorappointment statement where available) and/or a brief description of your activities Your CV should be no more than three A4 pages. The CV is to be a chronological listing of employment, not projects. 3. 4 Evidence of Employment If in your CV/Resume you claim engineering work experience of 12 months or more, then you must provide documentary evidence (originals or certified copies) of employment and certified translations into English where necessary. Thedocumentaryevidenceistoinclude;company letterhead (including name and location details), date of document, name and status of author, dates and duration of employment, title of position occupied and a brief description of duties/tasks/responsibilities. If a career episode is based upon engineering work, then you must provide documentary evidence of employment, as above. This instruction applies to the standard assessment service only. Go to Section D for further instructions on the additional assessment service for the identification of periods of skilled employment. 3. 5 Identification of Continuing Professional Development Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is the means by which you keep up-to-date with developments in your field of engineering after you have gained your undergraduate qualification. A brief summary of CPD you have undertaken must be included in your CDR. This CPD must take the form of a listing (title, date, duration, venue) of: †¢ formalpost-graduatestudy; †¢ conferencesatwhichyouhavedeliveredpapersor attended. †¢ shortcourses,workshops,seminarsanddiscussion groups, conferences, technical inspections and technicalmeetingsyouhaveattended; †¢ preparationandpresentationofmaterialforcourses, conferences, seminars and symposia †¢ servicetotheengineeringprofession(volunteerwork, board or committee volunteer, mentoring, etc) †¢ privatestudy(includesbooks,journals,transactions, manuals, etc) Your CPD listing need be no more than one A4 page. There is no necessity to include certificates from each course. . 6 International English Language Test Result All applicants applying to have their skills assessed by Engineers Australia are required to provide evidence of their English language competency. See item 4 of Section A for full details of the English competency requirements. 3. 7 Writing your three career episo des You are required to present an account of your engineering activities on each of three separate career episodes. A career episode is a documented component of your engineering education and/or work experience which captures a particular period or distinct aspect of your engineering activity. It needs to clearly demonstrate the application of engineering knowledge and skills in the nominated occupation, not the acquisition of knowledge. It may use material from: †¢ anengineeringtaskundertakenaspartofyour educationalprogram; †¢ aprojectyouhaveworkedonorarecurrently workingon; †¢ aspecificpositionthatyouoccupiedorcurrently occupy (in this case, the career episode must comprise morethanameredutystatement); †¢ aparticularengineeringproblemthatyouwererequired to solve. Each career episode must be in your own words and must be written in English. 5 SEcTION c Do not present large amounts of technical material. It is recommended that each narrative be a minimum of about 1000 words and a maximum of about 2000 words. The career episode, being written in your own words, will also provide evidence to the assessor of your communication skills. Please Note Career Episodes must be written in the first person singular clearly indicating your own personal role in the w ork described. Remember, it is what ‘I did’, not what ‘we did’ or what ‘I was involved in. Each career episode must clearly demonstrate the application of engineering knowledge and skills in the engineering discipline for which the applicant seeks recognition. That is, state â€Å"what you did† and describe â€Å"how you did it†, with emphasis on your own personal actions, eg â€Å"I designed†¦ â€Å", â€Å"I investigated†¦ â€Å". Excessive technical detail (diagrams, photos, calculations, tables) are not required. Each career episode should emphasise any engineering problems identified and any particular problem solving techniques used by you. The purpose of this is to assess the nature of the contribution which you may have made to the engineering project or task – particularly if that contribution was of a novel nature or critical to the implementation of the task/project. Please note that it is not sufficient to merely describe work in which you were involved. Your own role in the work must be clearly described by you, and be identifiable in the assessment. You must number each paragraph in each of your career episodes. Thefollowingsystemisrecommended; Career episode 1 (paragraphs 1. 1, 1. 2, 1. 3 etc) Career episode 2 (paragraphs 2. , 2. 2, 2. 3 etc) Career episode 3 (paragraphs 3. 1, 3. 2, 3. 3 etc) This is necessary to construct the Summary Statement. Each career episode should follow the format shown below: a) Introduction (approx. 50 words) This introduces the reader to the career episode and should include such things as: †¢ thechronology-thedatesanddurationofthiscareer episode; †¢ thegeographical locationwheretheexperiencewas gained; †¢ thenameoftheorganisation; †¢ thetitleofthepositionoccupiedbyyou. b) Background (200 – 500 words) This sets the scene and provides the context in which you were studying/working. It should include such things as: †¢ thenatureoftheoverallengineeringproject; †¢ theobjectivesoftheproject; †¢ thenatureofyourparticularworkarea; †¢ achartoftheorganisationalstructurehighlighting yourposition,inrelationtothecareerepisode; †¢ astatementofyourduties(provideanofficialduty statement where available). c) Personal Engineering Activity (500 – 1000 words) This is the body of the narrative and the key assessable component. In this section you must describe in detail the actual work performed by you. It is not sufficient to describe the activity performed by a team or group – your own role must be clearly identified. Remember it is your own personal engineering competencies that are being assessed. This section should include such things as: †¢ howyouappliedyourengineeringknowledgeandskills; †¢ thetasksdelegatedtoyouandhowyouwentabout accomplishingthem; †¢ anyparticulartechnicaldifficulties/problemsyou encounteredandhowyousolvedthem; †¢ strategiesdevisedbyyouincludinganyoriginalor creativedesignwork; †¢ howyouworkedwithotherteammembers. d) Summary (50 – 100 words) This section sums up your impressions of the engineering activity and your role in it. It should include such things as: †¢ yourviewoftheoverallproject; †¢ howtheprojectfaredinmeetingthegoals/requirements; †¢ howyourpersonalrolecontributedtotheproject. 3. 8 Preparation of the Summary Statement Complete the three career episodes, then analyse them for the presence of ALL of the competency elements for the occupational category you have chosen. The elements for each occupational category are listed in the following pages. The Appendix gives a detailed description of each competency element for each category. 16 SEcTION c The results of your analysis are to be reported in the form of a Summary Statement of competency elements claimed. The Summary Statement cross-references the relevant set of competency elements with the particular paragraph in your Career Episode where each element occurs. To do this, you will need to number the paragraphs in your career episodes. The process is represented schematically below: 1. Career Episode 2. Career Episode 3. Career Episode Summary Statement of competency elements claimed by you indicating how and where applied You must download and complete the appropriate summary statement for your nominated occupational category. The summary statement templates are available at www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills These are guides only. Do not attempt to restrict your Summary Statement to one page only. Applicants may prepare their own summary table, but must include the complete set of competency elements for their nominated engineering category. Please note, one Summary Statement only is to be provided covering all three career episodes combined. 17 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER Summary Statement These are the competency Units and Elements. These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as a Professional Engineer, you will need to download this page, complete it and lodge it with your application. For details, refer to the Appendix, Pages 33-36. Competency Element PE1 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL BASE A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed PE1. 1 Comprehensive, theory based understanding of the underpinning natural and physical sciences and the engineering fundamentals applicable to the engineering discipline. PE1. 2 Conceptual understanding of the mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics, and computer and information sciences which underpin the engineering discipline. PE1. 3 In-depth understanding of specialist bodies of knowledge within the engineering discipline. PE1. 4 Discernment of knowledge development and research directions within the engineering discipline. PE1. 5 Knowledge of contextual factors impacting the engineering discipline. PE1. 6 Understanding of the scope, principles, norms, accountabilities and bounds of contemporary engineering practice in the specific discipline. PE2 ENGINEERING APPLICATION ABILITY PE2. 1 Application of established engineering methods to complex engineering problem solving. PE2. 2 Fluent application of engineering techniques, tools and resources. PE2. 3 Application of systematic engineering synthesis and design processes. PE2. 4 Application of systematic approaches to the conduct and management of engineering projects. PE3 PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES PE3. 1 Ethical conduct and professional accountability. PE3. 2 Effective oral and written communication in professional and lay domains. PE3. Creative, innovative and pro-active demeanour. PE3. 4 Professional use and management of information. PE3. 5 Orderly management of self, and professional conduct. PE3. 6 Effective team membership and team leadership. 18 ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIST Summary Statement These are the competency Units and Elements. These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as an Engineering Technologist, you will need to download this page, complete it, and lodge it with your application. For details, refer to the Appendix, Pages 38-41. Competency Element ET1 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL BASE A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed ET1. 1 Systematic, theory based understanding of the underpinning natural and physical sciences and the engineering fundamentals applicable to the technology domain. ET1. 2 Conceptual understanding of the, mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics, and computer and information sciences which underpin the technology domain. ET1. 3 In-depth understanding of specialist bodies of knowledge within the technology domain. ET1. Discernment of knowledge development within the technology domain. ET1. 5 Knowledge of contextual factors impacting the technology domain. ET1. 6 Understanding of the scope, principles, norms, accountabilities and bounds of contemporary engineering practice in the technology domain. ET2 ENGINEERING APPLICATION ABILITY ET2. 1 Application of established engineering methods to broadly-defined problem solvi ng within the technology domain. ET2. 2 Application of engineering techniques, tools and resources within the technology domain. ET2. 3 Application of systematic synthesis and design processes within the technology domain. ET2. 4 Application of systematic approaches to the conduct and management of projects within the technology domain. ET3 PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES ET3. 1 Ethical conduct and professional accountability. ET3. 2 Effective oral and written communication in professional and lay domains. ET3. 3 Creative, innovative and pro-active demeanour. ET3. 4 Professional use and management of information. ET3. 5 Orderly management of self, and professional conduct. ET3. 6 Effective team membership and team leadership. 19 ENGINEERING ASSOCIATE Summary Statement These are the competency Units and Elements. These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as an Engineering Associate, you will need to download this page, complete it, and lodge it with your application. For details, refer to the Appendix, Pages 43-45. Competency Element EA1 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL BASE A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed EA1. 1 Descriptive, formula-based understanding of the underpinning natural and physical sciences and the engineering fundamentals applicable to the practice area. EA1. 2 Procedural-level understanding of the mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics, and computer and information sciences which underpin the practice area. EA1. 3 In-depth practical knowledge and skills within specialist sub-disciplines of the practice area. EA1. 4 Discernment of engineering developments within the practice area. EA1. 5 Knowledge of contextual factors impacting the practice area. EA1. 6 Understanding of the scope, principles, norms, accountabilities and bounds of contemporary engineering practice in the area of practice. EA2 ENGINEERING APPLICATION ABILITY EA2. 1 Application of established technical and practical methods to the solution of well-defined engineering problems. EA2. 2 Application of technical and practical techniques, tools and resources to well-defined engineering problems. EA2. 3 Application of systematic design processes to well-defined engineering problems. EA2. 4 Application of systematic project management processes. EA3 PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES EA3. 1 Ethical conduct and professional accountability. EA3. 2 Effective oral and written communication in professional and lay domains. EA3. 3 Creative, innovative and pro-active demeanour. EA3. 4 Professional use and management of information. EA3. 5 Orderly management of self, and professional conduct. EA3. 6 Effective team membership and team leadership. 20 ENGINEERING MANAGER Summary Statement These are the competency Elements. These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as an Engineering Manager, you will need to download this page, complete it, and lodge it with your application. For details, refer to the Appendix, Page 47. Competency Element EM1. 1 Contributes to engineering business strategies EM1. 2 Develops client relationships EM1. 3 Manages the implementation of engineering plans within the business EM1. 4 Manages resources EM1. 5 Manages people EM1. 6 Manages suppliers EM1. 7 Manages business information EM1. 8 Monitors engineering business performance A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed 21 22 Section d Additional Assessment Services 23 SEcTION d Additional Assessment Services Identification of: – Relevant Engineering Qualifications; and / or – Relevant Skilled Employment for the purpose of claiming migration points 2. Applicability of additional services It should be noted that not all clients will require these additional assessing services. Such services are anticipated to be ONLY of interest to the following clients: †¢ thosewhoholdahigher-levelqualificationthanmaybe strictlynecessarytoprovidethenominatedoutcome; and / or †¢ thosewhohaveatleast1yearAustralianwork experience, and / or at least 3 years Overseas work experience in their nominated occupation or a closelyrelated occupation. Either or both of these services may be applied for if the client wishes to claim the DIAC points. 1. Introduction As part of the introduction of the New Points Test for certain skilled migration visas on 1 July 2011, DIAC has advised applicants that they may request an opinion from their relevant assessing authority in two areas: †¢ identificationofhighesteducationalqualification, relevant to the nominated occupation †¢ identificationofrelevantworkexperienceofatleast 20hrs/week, both overseas and in Australia See http://www. immi. gov. au/skilled/general-skilledmigration/pdf/points-test. df Generally, the higher the level of qualification and the longer the period of relevant work experience, the greater the number of points claimable under the points test. Engineers Australia can offer opinions in the two areas above, as necessary, on receipt of an application for the additional services (with evidence) over and above the standard assessment. It should be noted that †“ from 1 July 2011 – the standard assessment WILL INCLUDE an opinion on the comparable relevant Australian level qualification to the client’s overseas qualification used in support of the assessed outcome. However, where a client holds an engineering PhD degree for example, which may not necessarily need to be considered in the assessment process to provide the nominated outcome, then this additional assessing service may be employed to identify the overseas PhD as comparable to an Australian PhD. Please Note Engineers Australia does NOT issue the points for migration. This will be done by the DIAC case officer at the time of their review of the overall migration application, subsequent to assessment. 3. Identification of higher level engineering qualifications The standard assessment WILL INCLUDE an opinion on the comparable relevant Australian level qualification to the client’s overseas qualification used in support of the assessed outcome. However, where a client holds a PhD degree for example, which may not necessarily need to be considered in the assessment process to provide the nominated outcome, then this additional assessing service may be employed to identify the overseas PhD as comparable to an Australian PhD. Applicants who require this service will need to provide: †¢ acompletedapplicationform,withrelevantfee payment †¢ properly-certifiedcopiesofalloriginalacademic documentation (testamurs and transcripts, as applicable) which shows that the client unconditionally holds the qualification claimed †¢ alistingofdoctoralexaminersanddetails †¢ alistingofpublicationsmadeduringandafterthe doctoral program †¢ thesisabstract. 4. Skilled Employment DIAC will award points to applicants based on demonstration of a verifiable skilled employment history undertaken in the last 10 years, in Australia or overseas. For the necessary assessment by Engineers Australia, the experience MUST be in an applicant’s nominated engineering occupation, or a closely related occupation. In determining whether an applicant’s skilled employment is closely related to their nominated occupation, the assessment by Engineers Australia will take into consideration the occupations within one unit group 4 SEcTION d classified under the ANZSCO Classification of Occupations. Engineers Australia has been authorised by DIAC to provide an opinion about an applicant’s skilled employment claims as part of the skills assessment. However, the decision to award points for skilled employment remains with the DIAC case officer, who may also need to review claims of relevant employment gained subsequent to the formal assessment. For applicants seeking an opinion about their skilled employment claims (as above) from Engineers Australia, submitted work experience documentation must: †¢ beanoriginaldocument,oracertifiedtruecopyofthe original in accordance with the MSA Booklet, Section A,Item5; †¢ bewrittenontheofficialletterheadofthecompany,or governmentdepartment,providingthedocumentation; †¢ indicateclearlythefulladdressofthecompanyand any telephone, fax numbers, email and website addresses; †¢ bedated; †¢ includethenameandpositionofthepersonendorsing the employment document †¦ these should be typed or stamped below that person’s signature – a reference with an illegible signature will not be accepted: †¢ includethedirectcontactnumberandofficialemail addressofthepersonendorsingthedocument; †¢ indicate: – the main five (5) duties undertaken, – the job title or positions held (positions should not be described by generic titles (eg, Engineer) b ut according to the nature of the duties undertaken (eg, Assistant Project Engineer – Civil), – the exact period of employment (start and finish date, including day/month/year), – whether full or part-time (including hours/week). For periods of self-employment, the following certified copies or original documents may be acceptable: – commissions that are signed by each of the clients foreachproject; – proof of formal Registration (including duration) as an engineerinthehomecountry; -receiptsissuedforprojects; – third party confirmation of the period of selfemployment, the position held and the individual duties performed. Only those documents meeting the above requirements will be considered in the provision of formal written advice by Engineers Australia. No further correspondence will be entered into in addressing shortcomings in the submitted documentation. In addition to the above independent confirmation of the claims made, applicants who require this service will need to provide: †¢ acompletedapplicationform,withrelevantfee payment †¢ acompeted’SkilledEmploymentRecord’ofthework experience being claimed in support of the opinion requested from Engineers Australia. The ‘Skilled Employment Record’ template is available on www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills 25 Skilled Employment Record Family or Surname: Given Names: Employer / Company Name Street Address Contact Details Documents include 5 main duties Yes / No Years / Months CID Number Hours/week Total Duration For Engineers Australia Use Only Start Date End Date Job Title Tel / fax / email Skilled Employment Record to be downloaded and completed as part of the additional assessment service: 26 Note: Please ensure that all columns are completed for each period of employment relevant to your nominated occupation. SEcTION d Employment for which incomplete information is provided will not be considered. Section E checklists, fee payment and dispatch 27 SEcTION E 1. Checklists Before you dispatch your application you should use one of the following checklists to ensure that you have completed all the necessary steps and provided all the required documents. Assemble your submission by placing documents in the order shown below. Please do not bind your documents. Checklist 1: for Washington/Sydney Accord and Australian Engineering Qualifications Assessment Applications Completed Application Form, with passport-style photo Application fee Form to appoint person to act as agent [if necessary] Certified true copy of passport bio-data page only (not the complete passport), and English language translation (if not in English) [Where this is not available, a copy of your Birth Certificate and/or National Identify Card may be acceptable in lieu] Certified true copy of name change document [If necessary] Original English language test (IELTS) result [necessary only if application is based on a qualification from a signatory country where the official language is not English]. You must arrange for this to be forwarded directly to Engineers Australia from the Test Centre Certified true copy of academic testamur Certified true copies of academic transcripts Curriculum Vitae (CV) / Resume English language translations of above, where applicable Checklist 2: for Competency Demonstration Report (CDR) Assessment Applications Completed Application Form, with passport-style photo Application fee Form to appoint person to act as agent [if necessary] Certified true copy of passport bio-data page only (not the complete passport), and English language translation (if not in English) [Where this is not available, a copy of your Birth Certificate and/or National Identify Card may be acceptable in lieu] Certified true copy of name change document [If necessary] Original English language test (IELTS) result [if necessary]. You must arrange for this to be forwarded directly to Engineers Australia from the Test Centre. Curriculum Vitae (CV) / Resume Certified true copy of academic testamur(s) Certified true copies of academic transcript(s) Certified evide nce of registration under the relevant licensing authority in the country in which you are practising [if necessary] e. g. Philippine Regulations Commission Certified documentary evidence of employment [must be provided if you have relevant work experience of 12 months or more, or if the work experience provides a basis of a career episode(s)] A listing of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) CDR Declaration Page Three Career Episodes Summary Statement of evidence for the competency elements English language translations of above, where applicable 28 SEcTION E 2. Fee Payment and Dispatch The assessment fee as specified on the Application Form must accompany your submission. The assessment fee is not refundable and may be subject to change without notice. Goods and Service Tax (GST) †¢ ApplicantswhoarelivinginAustraliaMUSTpay10% GST on the application fee †¢ Applicantslivingoverseas,wholodgetheirapplication from overseas, are NOT required to pay the GST †¢ Applicants living overseas, who lodge an application for assessment through an agent in Australia (Migration Agent, relative or fri end living in Australia) are NOT required to pay the GST. Assessment Fees Assessment fees are listed below for each type of application: Australian qualifications AUD$150 or $165 incl. GST Washington Accord Sydney Accord AUD$300 or $330 incl. GST AUD$300 or $330 incl. GST For payment made within Australia, the following methods of payment are acceptable: †¢ Abankchequeorapersonalcheque †¢ AnAustralianmoneyorder †¢ Acreditcardauthorisationasabove Your completed Application Form, submission, and assessment fee should be sent direct to: Migration Skills Assessment Education and Assessment Engineers Australia 11 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 AUSTRALIA Please Note Assessment Turnaround Time: The turnaround time for processing assessments can vary, depending on numbers of incoming applications. For guidance on current turnaround time, we refer to www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills Please DO NOT contact Engineers Australia within this time frame as delays will be caused to the processing time for all applications. Competency Demonstration Report AUD$600 or $660 incl. GST Additional Services (when applied for at the time of above standard assessment): Skilled Employment Overseas PhD AUD$250 or $275 incl. GST AUD$200 or $220 incl. GST Note that extra fees are applicable for the additional services if carried out AFTER the Standard Assessment has been issued. In this case, please refer to the Admin Fee payment form for the applicable fees. The following methods of payment are acceptable: †¢ Aninternationalbankdraftorchequemadeoutto ‘Engineers Australia’ in Australian dollars drawn on an Australian office of a bank operating in Australia †¢ Aninternationalmoneyordermadeoutto‘Engineers Australia’ in Australian dollars †¢ AcreditcardauthorisationonyourVisa,Mastercard or American Express card Please Note A cheque/remittance drawn in a currency other than Australian dollars or drawn in Australian currency on a bank outside Australia is not acceptable. 29 30 Appendix detailed description of competency Elements for each Occupational category 31 AppENdIx PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ROLE Professional Engineers are required to take responsibility for engineering projects and programs in the most far-reaching sense. This includes the reliable functioning of all materials, components, sub-systems andtechnologiesused;theirintegrationtoforma complete,sustainableandself-consistentsystem;and all interactions between the technical system and the context within which it functions. The latter includes understanding the requirements of clients, wide rangingstakeholdersandofsocietyasawhole; working to optimise social, environmental and economic outcomes over the full lifetime of the engineering product orprogram;interactingeffectivelywithotherdisciplines, professionsandpeople;andensuringthattheengineering contribution is properly integrated into the totality of the undertaking. Professional Engineers are responsible for interpreting technological possibilities to society, businessandgovernment;andforensuringasfaras possible that policy decisions are properly informed by such possibilities and consequences, and that costs, risks and limitations are properly understood as the desirable outcomes. Professional Engineers are responsible for bringing knowledge to bear from multiple sources to develop solutions to complex problems and issues, for ensuring that technical and non-technical considerations are properly integrated, and for managing risk as well as sustainability issues. While the outcomes of engineering have physical forms, the work of Professional Engineers is predominantly intellectual in nature. In a technical sense, Professional Engineers are primarily concerned with the advancement of technologies and with the development of new How to cite Migration Skills Assessment Booklet, Papers

Should Voluntary Work Be Paid

Introduction Mooney (2004) defines work as the effort put in a certain task in order to attain a specific goal or output. It may be on payment basis where one receives payment at the end of the month as salary or paid wages according to work done. Work may also be performed on unpaid basis, for example volunteering.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should Voluntary Work Be Paid? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Voluntary work entails being motivated and using your time and effort working towards a project you are interested in; most cases without monetary compensation. However, there may be benefits associated with voluntary work. This paper will look into various aspects of voluntary work including categories of voluntary work, benefits and drawbacks of voluntary work and whether voluntary work should be paid. Categories of Voluntary Work Voluntary work can be categorized into three forms; long term -paid, short, medium and long term unpaid, and short term conservation projects. The long term unpaid benefits entail professional and qualified volunteers working on long term projects that may take a long duration e.g. over one year. They may be sent far from their home areas to exercise their knowledge and skills and therefore it requires sacrifice and determination. Short, medium and long term unpaid basis takes one year or less. Volunteers are expected to cater for their expenses through out the execution of the entire project for example transport cost. It is good for those people who may want to gain practical experience in their area of profession or those that takes breaks from work. Short term conservation projects entails taking part in part time wildlife conservation and surveying projects especially for those people with limited time. The projects are usually in remote areas and volunteers are expected to fund themselves on the expeditions (VWIS Working Abroad 2010). Benefits and D rawbacks Potter (2004) asserts that volunteering is away of helping or giving back to the community without necessarily gaining monetary benefits. Nonetheless, there are other benefits that surpass money, for instance; One can use the opportunity of being a volunteer to develop new skills like better interpersonal and communication skills, gain work experience, develop leadership and teamwork spirit and networking hence improving ones social life and personal growth in general.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Volunteering also helps one attain a sense of achievement and personal satisfaction which help in building up ones confidence. The reputation built by volunteering is also beneficial and may bring long term benefit to the volunteer, for example, in future job opportunities since it shows a caring and self motivated character which pleases most employers. Barnes, Parry Lakey (2002) states that the biggest challenge is usually choosing a volunteer chance that suits you well and where you can perform your duties passionately and achieve self satisfaction. Volunteering can also be very time consuming and you may not have the best living conditions. Volunteering for the wrong reasons for example to pass time can also lead to disappointment. My personal opinion on whether voluntary work should be paid is that since the main aim of volunteering is to help, money should not be a priority although it may be offered. However, it should be upon the organization to ensure that the volunteers’ well being is catered for in all ways and that they receive support that helps them undertake their duties effectively. There should also be recognition and appreciation in terms of rewards and awards for work well done so as to motivate the volunteers to even work harder. The rewards can be in form of money. Conclusion Voluntary work is essential especially to t he needy communities. The main aim of volunteering is to help the less fortunate with the skills and knowledge one has acquired irrespective of the benefits involved. The advantages of voluntary work outweigh the drawbacks and it is therefore a good practice to adopt for those people who can have time to do so (Morris 2003). Reference List Barnes, H., Parry, J., Lakey, J., 2002. Forging a New Future and Expectations of People Leaving Paid Work Over 50. United Kingdom, The Policy Press. Mooney, G. ed., 2004. Work: Personal lives and Social policy. United Kingdom, the Open University.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should Voluntary Work Be Paid? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Morris, M., 2003. Voluntary Work and the Welfare State. London, Routledge. Potter, R., 2004. Worldwide Volunteering 4th ed. United Kingdom: How To Books Ltd. VWIS Working Abroad. 2010, What is Voluntary work Web. This essay on Should Voluntary Work Be Paid? was written and submitted by user Jared Woodward to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.